In contrast to the open approach, intellectual property rights (IPR) can be leveraged as a means of slowing down evolution and limiting competition. By strategically using IPR, such as patents, copyrights, and trademarks, you can potentially ring-fence a component, making it difficult for others to build upon or evolve it further. This strategy can be effective in maintaining a competitive advantage, but it also carries the risk of stifling innovation and collaboration within the ecosystem. The challenge lies in striking the right balance between protecting your intellectual property and fostering an environment where new ideas can flourish.